Lady Aisin-Gioro Hengxiang, the birth mother of Wanrong, wearing the traditional Manchu one-piece robe that later inspired the qipao Usage of the term "cheongsam" in Western countries mostly followed the original Cantonese meaning and applies to the dress worn by women only. The word qipao ( keipo), which literally means " Bannerman robe" and originally referred to a loose-fitting, trapezoidal-cut garment worn by both Manchu men and women, became a more formal term for the female chèuhngsāam. In Hong Kong, where many Shanghainese tailors fled after the communist revolution of 1949, the word chèuhngsāam became gender-neutral, referring to both male and female garments.
However, in Mandarin Chinese and other varieties of Chinese, chángshān ( 長衫) refers to an exclusively male garment, and the female version is known as the qípáo. In Cantonese and Shanghainese, the term is used to describe a Chinese dress popularized in Shanghai. The term cheongsam is a romanization of Cantonese word chèuhngsāam ( 長衫 'long shirt/dress'), which comes from the Shanghainese term zansae. It is sometimes known as the mandarin gown.Īs English loanwords, both " cheongsam" and " qipao" describe the same type of body-hugging dress worn by Chinese women, and the words could be used interchangeably. It was popular in China from the 1920s to 1940s, overlapping the Republican era, and was popularized by Chinese socialites and high society women in Shanghai. It is most often seen as a longer, figure-fitting, one piece garment with a standing collar, an asymmetric left-over-right opening and two side slits. The cheongsam ( UK: / tʃ( i) ɒ ŋ ˈ s æ m/, US: / tʃ ɔː ŋ ˈ s ɑː m/), also known as the qipao ( / ˈ tʃ iː p aʊ/), is a Chinese dress worn by women which takes inspiration from the ethnic clothing of the Manchu people. "Cheongsam" in Traditional (top) and Simplified (bottom) Chinese characters
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